Transfection is the process of deliberately introducing nucleic acids into cells. The term is used notably for non-viral methods in eukaryotic cells. It may also refer to other methods and cell types, although other terms are preferred: "transformation" is more often used to describe non-viral DNA transfer in bacteria, non-animal eukaryotic cells and plant cells.
Genetic material (such as supercoiled plasmid
DNA or siRNA constructs), or even proteins such as antibodies, may be transfected.
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Thymine (T) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of
DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T. The others are
adenine, guanine, and cytosine. Thymine is also known as 5-methyluracil, a pyrimidine nucleobase.
It is actually the first
pyrimidine that was successfully purified by scientists from an all natural source in 1893 – 1894. In 1900, the now accepted structure of a thymine molecule was published. Several investigators were then able to confirm the validity of the molecular structure when they synthesized the compound during 1901 to 1910.
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Adenine (A) is a nucleobase (a purine derivative) with a variety of roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration, in the form of both the energy-rich
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the cofactors
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and f
lavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and protein synthesis, as a chemical component of
DNA and RNA. The shape of adenine is complementary to either thymine in
DNA or uracil in
RNA.
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